Alderfer, C. (1990), "Afterward", Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 11 pp.493-6..
Allen, B. (1995), "Twice blessed, doubly oppressed: women of color in academe", San Antonio, TX., paper presented at the annual convention of the Speech Communication Association, .
Allen, B. (1995), "Diversity’ and organizational communication", Journal of Applied Communication Research, Vol. 23 pp.143-55..
Allen, T. (1994), The Invention of the White Race. Volume One: Racial Oppression and Social Control, Verso, New York, NY., .
Bell, D. (1992), Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism, Basic Books,, New York, NY., .
(1990), "The career and life experiences of black professionals", in Bell, E. (Eds),Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 11..
(Blair, C.), "1994", in Disciplining the feminine (Eds),The Quarterly Journal of Speech, Vol. 80 pp.383-409..
Bobo, J. (1994), "The dark side of downsizing", National Underwriter (Life and Health Financial Services Edition), Vol. 98 pp.19..
Boje, D., Rosile, G. (1994), "Diversities, differences and authors’ voices", Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 7 No.6, pp.8-17..
Clements,Christine and John B. Washbush (1999). The two faces of leadership: considering the dark side of leaderfollower dynamics. Journal of Workplace Learning,
11(5), 170-175. (link)
Clemente, F. (1996), "The dark side of deregulation", Public Utilities Fortnightly, pp.13-5..
Conger, J. (1990), "The dark side of leadership", Organizational Dynamics, pp.44- 55..
Cox, T., Nkomo, S. (1990), "Invisible men and women: a status report on race as a variable in organization behavior research", Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 11 pp.419-31.
Dukerich, J., Weigelt, K., Schotter, A. (1990), "A game theory analysis of dual discrimination’", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 47 No.4, pp.21-41..
Ferber, A. (1998), White Man Falling: Race, Gender and White Supremacy, Roman & Littlefield, New York, NY., .
(Frankenberg, R.), "1993", White Women, Race Matters: The Social Construction of Whiteness, University of Minnesota Press,, Minneapolis, MN., .
Giddings, P. (1984), When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America, Bantam, New York, NY., .
Gilliland, S. (1993), "The perceived fairness of selection systems: an organizational justice perspective", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 18 pp.694-734..
Grimes, D. (1996), "When and where I enter”: adding in black women’s insights to critique organization studies", Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN., doctoral dissertation, .
Hall, S. (1985), "Signification, representation, ideology: Althusser and the post-structuralist debates", Critical Studies in Mass Communication, Vol. 2 pp.91-114.
Hall, W. (1988), The Rest of the Dream: The Black Odyssey of Lyman Johnson, University of Kentucky Press, Lexington., .
Harding, S. (1990), "Feminism, science and the anti-Enlightenment critiques", in Nicholson, L.J. (Eds),Feminism/Postmodernism, Routledge, New York, NY, pp.83-106..
Harding, S. (1993), "Rethinking standpoint epistemology: what is ‘strong objectivity?", in Alcoff,L., Potter, E. (Eds),Feminist Epistemologies, Routledge, New York, pp.49-82..
Harris, C. (1993), "Whiteness as property", Harvard Law Review, Vol. 106 pp.1710-45..
Harrison, B. (1994), "The dark side of flexible production", National Productivity Review, Vol. 13 pp.479-501..
Herbert, J. (1990), "Integrating race and adult psychosocial development", Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 11 pp.433-45.
Hofstede, G., Bond, M., Luk, C. (1993), "Individual perceptions of organizational cultures: a methodological treatise on levels of analysis", Organization Studies, Vol. 14 pp.483-503..
Hogan, R., Curphy, G.J. & Hogan, J. (1994). What We Know About Leadership: Effectiveness and Personality. American Psychologist. (link, PDF)
Hooks, B. (1990), Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics, South End Press, Boston, MA., .
Hooks, B. (1992), Black Looks: Race and Representation, South End Press, Boston, MA., .
Hooks, B. (1993), Sisters of the Yam: Black Women and Self-recovery, South End Press, Boston, MA., .
Kenton, S. (1989), "The role of communication in managing perceived inequality", Management Communication Quarterly, Vol. 2 pp.536-43..
Kets de Vries, M. (1985), "The dark side of entrepreneurship", Harvard Business Review, Vol. 63 pp.160-7..
Kets de Vries, M. (1988), "The dark side of CEO succession", Management Review, Vol. 77 pp.23-7.
Kets De Vries, F. R. (1995). Manfred Life And Death In The Executive Fast Lane.Publisher: Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers.
Kingston, M. (1977), The Woman Warrior: Memoir of a Girlhood Among Ghosts, Knopf, New York, NY., .
Kivel, P. (1996), Uprooting Racism: How White People Can Work for Racial Justice, New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, British Columbia., .
Leong, B. The dark side of entreprenerurship
Lipsitz, G. (1998), The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: How White People Profit from Identity Politics, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA., .
Luthans,Fred, Peterson, Suzanne J. & Ibrayeva, Elina (1998). The potential for the “dark side” of leadership in post communist countries. Journal of World Business,
33(2),185-201. (link)
Marable, M. (1983), How Capitalism Underdeveloped Black America: Problems in Race, Political Economy and Society, South End Press, Boston, MA., .
May, B. The dark side of charismatic leadership. (link)
Miles, R. (1989), Racism, Routledge, New York, NY., .
McIntosh, P. (1992), "White privilege and male privilege: unpacking the invisible knapsack", in Anderson, M.L., Collins, P.H. (Eds),Race, Class, and Gender: An Anthology, Wadsworth, Belmont, CA., .
Mclagan, P. (1991), "The dark side of quality”, Training", Vol. 28 pp.31-3.
McIntosh, Gary L. & Samuel D.Sr. Rima ()Overcoming the Dark Side of Leadership: The Paradox of Personal Dysfunction.
Moon, D. (1995), "(Anti)white discourse: ‘Race traitors’ and the refusal of ‘whiteness", San Antonio, TX., paper presented at the annual convention of the Speech Communication Association, .
Morgan, G. (1997), Images of Organization, Sage, Newbury Park CA., .
Mumby, D. (1996), "Feminism, postmodernism, and organizational communication studies: a critical reading", Management Communication Quarterly, Vol. 9 pp.259-95..
Munchus, G. (1993), "New intellectual currents – long overdue", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 18 pp.12.
Nkomo, S. (1992), "The emperor has no clothes: Rewriting ‘race in organizations", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 17 pp.487-513..
Omi, M., Winant, H. (1986), Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1980s, Routledge, New York, NY., .
Osborne, R. (1991), "The dark side of the entrepreneur", Long Range Planning, Vol. 24 pp.26-31..
Pieterse, J. (1992), White on Black: Images of Africa and Blacks in Western Popular Culture, Yale, New Haven, CT., .
Pinder, C. (1989), "The dark side of executive relocation", Organizational Dynamics, pp.48-59..
Ramsey, V. (1994), "A different way of making a difference: learning through feelings", Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 7 No.6, pp.59-71..
Richman, L. (1993), "The dark side of job churn", Fortune, Vol. 128 pp.24.
Robbins, T. (1993), "The dark side of teambuilding", Training and Development, Vol. 47 pp.17-21..
Roediger, D. (1991), The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class, Verso, New York, NY., .
(1992), in Smircich, L., Calàs, M., Morgan, G. (Eds),New Intellectual Currents in Organization and Management Theory, Vol. 17..
Smith, B. (1992), "The dark side of corporate America", HR Focus, Vol. 69 pp.1+.
Stanfield, J. (1993), Race and Ethnicity in Research Methods, Sage, Newbury Park CA., .
Switzer, J. (2009). The The 'dark side' of public sector leaders.
Takaki, R. (1990), Iron Cages: Race and Culture in 19th Century America, Oxford University Press, New York, NY., .
Trickey, Geoff (2009). Don't underestimate the power of the dark side: Why leaders fail. (link)
Washbush, J.B. & Clements, C. (1999). The two faces of leadership. Career Development International 4(3), 146-148. (link)
Weigelt, K., Dukerich, J., Schotter, A. (1989), "Reactions to an incentive pay compensation scheme: a game-theoretic approach", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 44 pp.26-44..
Wellman, D. (1993), Portraits of White Racism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge., .
Wilson, W. (1978), The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL., .
----------------
Barnard, C.I. (1938), The Functions of the Executive,Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Bass, B.M. (1990), Bass & Stogdill’s Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research & Managerial Applications, The Free Press, New York, NY.
Bennis, W. (1989), On Becoming a Leader, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Bennis, W. and Nanus, B. (1985), Leaders: The Strategies for Taking Charge, Harper & Row,New York, NY.
Burger, J.M. (1986), Personality: Theory and Research, Wadsworth, Belmont, CA.
Burns, J.M. (1978), Leadership, Harper & Row,New York, NY.
Christine R. and Geis, F.L. (1970), Studies in Machiavellianism, Academic Press, New York, NY.
Hillman, J. (1996), The Soul’s Code: In Search of Character and Calling, Random House, New York, NY.
Hirschhorn, L. (1997), Reworking Authority: Leading and Following in the Post-Modern Organization, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Howell, Jane M., Conger, Jay A. & Kanungo, Rabindra N. (1988). Two faces of charisma: Socialized and personalized leadership in organizations. Charismatic leadership: The elusive factor in organizational effectiveness. The Jossey-Bass management series. (pp. 213-236). San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass. xxii, 352 pp. (link)
Kelly, R.E. (1992), The Power of Followership, Doubleday Currency, New York, NY.
Kets de Vries, M.F.R. (1989), Prisoners of Leadership,Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.
Kets de Vries, M.F.R. (1993), Leaders, Fools and Imposters: Essays on the Psychology of Leadership, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
McClelland, D.C. (1970), “The two faces of power”, Journal of International Affairs, pp. 29-47.
McClelland, D.C. (1976), “Power is the great motivator”, Harvard Business Review, March- April, pp. 100-10.
Palmer, P.J. (1994), “Leading from within: out of the shadows, into the light”, in Conger, J.A. (Ed.), Spirit at Work: Discovering the Spirituality in Leadership, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
Whyte, W.H. (1956), The Organization Man, Simon & Schuster, New York, NY.
Allen, B. (1995), "Twice blessed, doubly oppressed: women of color in academe", San Antonio, TX., paper presented at the annual convention of the Speech Communication Association, .
Allen, B. (1995), "Diversity’ and organizational communication", Journal of Applied Communication Research, Vol. 23 pp.143-55..
Allen, T. (1994), The Invention of the White Race. Volume One: Racial Oppression and Social Control, Verso, New York, NY., .
Bell, D. (1992), Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism, Basic Books,, New York, NY., .
(1990), "The career and life experiences of black professionals", in Bell, E. (Eds),Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 11..
(Blair, C.), "1994", in Disciplining the feminine (Eds),The Quarterly Journal of Speech, Vol. 80 pp.383-409..
Bobo, J. (1994), "The dark side of downsizing", National Underwriter (Life and Health Financial Services Edition), Vol. 98 pp.19..
Boje, D., Rosile, G. (1994), "Diversities, differences and authors’ voices", Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 7 No.6, pp.8-17..
Clements,Christine and John B. Washbush (1999). The two faces of leadership: considering the dark side of leaderfollower dynamics. Journal of Workplace Learning,
11(5), 170-175. (link)
Clemente, F. (1996), "The dark side of deregulation", Public Utilities Fortnightly, pp.13-5..
Conger, J. (1990), "The dark side of leadership", Organizational Dynamics, pp.44- 55..
Cox, T., Nkomo, S. (1990), "Invisible men and women: a status report on race as a variable in organization behavior research", Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 11 pp.419-31.
Dukerich, J., Weigelt, K., Schotter, A. (1990), "A game theory analysis of dual discrimination’", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 47 No.4, pp.21-41..
Ferber, A. (1998), White Man Falling: Race, Gender and White Supremacy, Roman & Littlefield, New York, NY., .
(Frankenberg, R.), "1993", White Women, Race Matters: The Social Construction of Whiteness, University of Minnesota Press,, Minneapolis, MN., .
Giddings, P. (1984), When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America, Bantam, New York, NY., .
Gilliland, S. (1993), "The perceived fairness of selection systems: an organizational justice perspective", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 18 pp.694-734..
Grimes, D. (1996), "When and where I enter”: adding in black women’s insights to critique organization studies", Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN., doctoral dissertation, .
Hall, S. (1985), "Signification, representation, ideology: Althusser and the post-structuralist debates", Critical Studies in Mass Communication, Vol. 2 pp.91-114.
Hall, W. (1988), The Rest of the Dream: The Black Odyssey of Lyman Johnson, University of Kentucky Press, Lexington., .
Harding, S. (1990), "Feminism, science and the anti-Enlightenment critiques", in Nicholson, L.J. (Eds),Feminism/Postmodernism, Routledge, New York, NY, pp.83-106..
Harding, S. (1993), "Rethinking standpoint epistemology: what is ‘strong objectivity?", in Alcoff,L., Potter, E. (Eds),Feminist Epistemologies, Routledge, New York, pp.49-82..
Harris, C. (1993), "Whiteness as property", Harvard Law Review, Vol. 106 pp.1710-45..
Harrison, B. (1994), "The dark side of flexible production", National Productivity Review, Vol. 13 pp.479-501..
Herbert, J. (1990), "Integrating race and adult psychosocial development", Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 11 pp.433-45.
Hofstede, G., Bond, M., Luk, C. (1993), "Individual perceptions of organizational cultures: a methodological treatise on levels of analysis", Organization Studies, Vol. 14 pp.483-503..
Hogan, R., Curphy, G.J. & Hogan, J. (1994). What We Know About Leadership: Effectiveness and Personality. American Psychologist. (link, PDF)
Hooks, B. (1990), Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics, South End Press, Boston, MA., .
Hooks, B. (1992), Black Looks: Race and Representation, South End Press, Boston, MA., .
Hooks, B. (1993), Sisters of the Yam: Black Women and Self-recovery, South End Press, Boston, MA., .
Kenton, S. (1989), "The role of communication in managing perceived inequality", Management Communication Quarterly, Vol. 2 pp.536-43..
Kets de Vries, M. (1985), "The dark side of entrepreneurship", Harvard Business Review, Vol. 63 pp.160-7..
Kets de Vries, M. (1988), "The dark side of CEO succession", Management Review, Vol. 77 pp.23-7.
Kets De Vries, F. R. (1995). Manfred Life And Death In The Executive Fast Lane.Publisher: Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers.
Kingston, M. (1977), The Woman Warrior: Memoir of a Girlhood Among Ghosts, Knopf, New York, NY., .
Kivel, P. (1996), Uprooting Racism: How White People Can Work for Racial Justice, New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, British Columbia., .
Leong, B. The dark side of entreprenerurship
"Common Sins of Entrepreneurs
To defend yourself against the dark side, you need to ensure that you do not possess fatal character flaws. Otherwise, these con-men will turn it as an advantage against you. The four most powerful weaknesses of an entrepreneur (as summarized elegantly in [1]) are as follows:
* Control Freak: Believe it or not, most entrepreneurs desire control. Entrepreneurs are people who want to make a difference in other people’s lives. The motivation to create something new and innovative or redefine how people conceive the traditional markets bring them not only creativity but also the unfortunate trait of possibly being a control freak. Their obsession with control affects their ability to move or delegate demonstrates how badly at times they get along with other people. If the entrepreneur is a maverick in the first place, they will have serious difficulty in dealing with issues on dominance and submission and worst, they are suspicious of authority. Most entrepreneurs are people who want to create their own environment. They do not want to be at the mercy of others, which makes them very intolerant of incompetency. That nicely ties up to my next point.
* Distrust: The desire for control leads them to show strong distrust in people who work for them. If they are too paranoid, they become easy preys for investors, partners and clients who adapt it to manipulate them to gain control. Yet, this trait is a double edged sword. It can make them more alert to the people in the surrounding who might attempt to con them. Don’t you see it all around you: why bosses in small companies tend to be misers compare to those in big companies? They are afraid that when they spend on their employees, they will be taken advantage of. So, being trapped in the state of distrust, their first defence is to ensure that they exploit a lot more from employees. In a society like ours in Singapore where most SME bosses don’t even think of welfare for their workers, it does tell us a lot about this fatal flaw in most entrepreneurs here.
* Vanity, my favourite Sin: Don’t you feel that entrepreneurs are overhyped in the media? If you read their story every morning in the press, it will be about their humble background, how they turned from being a nobody to a success story and if we live long enough, we hear about their downfall. If you want examples, check out the CEO of Livedoor in Japan. Most entrepreneurs feel that they are living on the edge and they feel that their life is under constant tension. So, they need to become a character in Homer’s Illad.
* Ego: Every entrepreneur I know has an ego and usually it is a strong one. If you don’t have an ego, it’s hard to believe that you are an entrepreneur. That’s the unfortunate reality because of the many characteristics which an entrepreneur possesses. However, there are varying degrees of ego in every entrepreneur. Sometimes, personal ego can be detrimental to the growth of the company. It is always important for the entrepreneur to think about how his or her startup as an organization is greater than them. The other is that the entrepreneur has to learn humility through the hard way. "
Lipsitz, G. (1998), The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: How White People Profit from Identity Politics, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA., .
Luthans,Fred, Peterson, Suzanne J. & Ibrayeva, Elina (1998). The potential for the “dark side” of leadership in post communist countries. Journal of World Business,
33(2),185-201. (link)
Marable, M. (1983), How Capitalism Underdeveloped Black America: Problems in Race, Political Economy and Society, South End Press, Boston, MA., .
May, B. The dark side of charismatic leadership. (link)
Miles, R. (1989), Racism, Routledge, New York, NY., .
McIntosh, P. (1992), "White privilege and male privilege: unpacking the invisible knapsack", in Anderson, M.L., Collins, P.H. (Eds),Race, Class, and Gender: An Anthology, Wadsworth, Belmont, CA., .
Mclagan, P. (1991), "The dark side of quality”, Training", Vol. 28 pp.31-3.
McIntosh, Gary L. & Samuel D.Sr. Rima ()Overcoming the Dark Side of Leadership: The Paradox of Personal Dysfunction.
Moon, D. (1995), "(Anti)white discourse: ‘Race traitors’ and the refusal of ‘whiteness", San Antonio, TX., paper presented at the annual convention of the Speech Communication Association, .
Morgan, G. (1997), Images of Organization, Sage, Newbury Park CA., .
Mumby, D. (1996), "Feminism, postmodernism, and organizational communication studies: a critical reading", Management Communication Quarterly, Vol. 9 pp.259-95..
Munchus, G. (1993), "New intellectual currents – long overdue", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 18 pp.12.
Nkomo, S. (1992), "The emperor has no clothes: Rewriting ‘race in organizations", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 17 pp.487-513..
Omi, M., Winant, H. (1986), Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1980s, Routledge, New York, NY., .
Osborne, R. (1991), "The dark side of the entrepreneur", Long Range Planning, Vol. 24 pp.26-31..
Pieterse, J. (1992), White on Black: Images of Africa and Blacks in Western Popular Culture, Yale, New Haven, CT., .
Pinder, C. (1989), "The dark side of executive relocation", Organizational Dynamics, pp.48-59..
Ramsey, V. (1994), "A different way of making a difference: learning through feelings", Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 7 No.6, pp.59-71..
Richman, L. (1993), "The dark side of job churn", Fortune, Vol. 128 pp.24.
Robbins, T. (1993), "The dark side of teambuilding", Training and Development, Vol. 47 pp.17-21..
Roediger, D. (1991), The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class, Verso, New York, NY., .
(1992), in Smircich, L., Calàs, M., Morgan, G. (Eds),New Intellectual Currents in Organization and Management Theory, Vol. 17..
Smith, B. (1992), "The dark side of corporate America", HR Focus, Vol. 69 pp.1+.
Stanfield, J. (1993), Race and Ethnicity in Research Methods, Sage, Newbury Park CA., .
Switzer, J. (2009). The The 'dark side' of public sector leaders.
Takaki, R. (1990), Iron Cages: Race and Culture in 19th Century America, Oxford University Press, New York, NY., .
Trickey, Geoff (2009). Don't underestimate the power of the dark side: Why leaders fail. (link)
Washbush, J.B. & Clements, C. (1999). The two faces of leadership. Career Development International 4(3), 146-148. (link)
Weigelt, K., Dukerich, J., Schotter, A. (1989), "Reactions to an incentive pay compensation scheme: a game-theoretic approach", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 44 pp.26-44..
Wellman, D. (1993), Portraits of White Racism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge., .
Wilson, W. (1978), The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL., .
----------------
Barnard, C.I. (1938), The Functions of the Executive,Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Bass, B.M. (1990), Bass & Stogdill’s Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research & Managerial Applications, The Free Press, New York, NY.
Bennis, W. (1989), On Becoming a Leader, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Bennis, W. and Nanus, B. (1985), Leaders: The Strategies for Taking Charge, Harper & Row,New York, NY.
Burger, J.M. (1986), Personality: Theory and Research, Wadsworth, Belmont, CA.
Burns, J.M. (1978), Leadership, Harper & Row,New York, NY.
Christine R. and Geis, F.L. (1970), Studies in Machiavellianism, Academic Press, New York, NY.
Hillman, J. (1996), The Soul’s Code: In Search of Character and Calling, Random House, New York, NY.
Hirschhorn, L. (1997), Reworking Authority: Leading and Following in the Post-Modern Organization, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Howell, Jane M., Conger, Jay A. & Kanungo, Rabindra N. (1988). Two faces of charisma: Socialized and personalized leadership in organizations. Charismatic leadership: The elusive factor in organizational effectiveness. The Jossey-Bass management series. (pp. 213-236). San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass. xxii, 352 pp. (link)
Kelly, R.E. (1992), The Power of Followership, Doubleday Currency, New York, NY.
Kets de Vries, M.F.R. (1989), Prisoners of Leadership,Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.
Kets de Vries, M.F.R. (1993), Leaders, Fools and Imposters: Essays on the Psychology of Leadership, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
McClelland, D.C. (1970), “The two faces of power”, Journal of International Affairs, pp. 29-47.
McClelland, D.C. (1976), “Power is the great motivator”, Harvard Business Review, March- April, pp. 100-10.
Palmer, P.J. (1994), “Leading from within: out of the shadows, into the light”, in Conger, J.A. (Ed.), Spirit at Work: Discovering the Spirituality in Leadership, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
Whyte, W.H. (1956), The Organization Man, Simon & Schuster, New York, NY.
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